Building an off-road powerplant is not something you'd want to approach in the same way as a drag-carengine, though many of the mods developed for the street are applicable in the dirt. The '66-'77 Ford Bronco with its 289 or 302 engine endures as an all-time favorite in the world of off-road performance. But what to do when the old girl is tired, other than put her in a barn? Adding the extra weight and mass of bigger tires, wheels, and other accessories means the old 140-200 horse engines just don't cut it as well in today's wheeling world, so a proper upgrade is in order. Popular options include a simple rebuild or even an engine swap to a 351W (Windsor) but the basic 302 can really be made to perform with some relatively simple modifications, without the headaches of swapping in something different.
In an off-road environment, the stroker approach is a virtual bulls-eye, directly contributing to one of an engine's most important assets, torque. Stroker kits increase the displacement by increasing the piston's length of travel in the bore, which means that the pistons will move further up at the top of the crank's travel, and drop lower at the end of the cycle. Stroker engine packages were developed to infuse a healthy doping of displacement, and with this cubic capacity came torque and the ability to further stretch power output without resorting to unmanageable rpm. These stroker recipes are well proven, with the most popular for the 302 being a 0.400-inch stroker to create a 347. The 347 stroker uses pistons with a much shorter compression height, 1.090-inch, compared to the stock 302's 1.600-inch. Part of the reduction in piston height is to accommodate longer aftermarket 5.400-inch rods, a substantial increase from the stock 5.080-inch pieces. The longer rods provide two key benefits-more counterweight clearance for the long-stroke crank, and an improved rod ratio, decreasing the side loading of the cylinder wall that would otherwise result from the hefty stroke increase. There's quite a bit of science in these combinations, but fortunately the heavy calculus is already figured out, with compatible parts on aftermarket shelves ready to go.
When contemplating a stroker rebuild remember that the engine will be gutted of its original internals, including the crank, rods, and pistons. In a major rebuild the pistons are goners anyway, so the ante really consists of the crank and rods. Here the opportunity isn't just gaining displacement, but making a major move towards bulletproof. At the end of the process, not only will the engine grow some 40-plus cubes, but that 30-year-old cast crank and those spindly stock rods can be upgraded with serious hardware.
The goal for this engine build is to make good power and torque up to about 6,000 rpm, which is plenty to let the engine pull strong power numbers, but not so high that reliability becomes a concern. The plan also included a moderate cam profile, for reasonably good idle quality and low-end response. These factors, along with the moderate compression ratio, substantially define what the temperament of the engine will be. The bulletproof factor started with the bottom-end stroker components. This is the heart of the rebuild, so heavy duty was imperative. We selected premium forged KB pistons, a Scat's 4340 forged crank, and Scat 4340 H-beam rods. The pistons are the 16.5cc dished version, rather than the flat tops, to drop the compression ratio to 9:1, which allows running on regular pump gas found off the beaten track. Other more economical alternatives that can be considered are KB's hypereutectic pistons, Scat's I-beam rods, and Scat's cast-steel cranks, all three of which are far tougher than the stock internals.
 Block prep is the foundation...  Block prep is the foundation for any good engine build, with machining quality directly relating to the performance and reliability. Our block was machined on Speed-O-Motive's Rottler F-65 automated CNC, which bored the cylinders, square-decked the block, and corrected the main bores, as well as performed the crankcase clearancing for the stroker crank to come. After machining, the block was cleaned and painted and the cam bearings installed. |  The backbone of our power...  The backbone of our power plans is a Scat 3.40-inch-stroke crank to replace the 3.00-inch stocker. The longer stroke will pack 45 more cubes into our little 302 Ford block, adding a serious increase in torque potential to the little Ford. |  While stock cranks are undercut...  While stock cranks are undercut in the journal radii, like any good high-performance or race crank the Scat stroker piece features full-radius fillets in the journals, adding fatigue resistance and strength. To ensure adequate clearance at the fillets, performance bearings are manufactured with a larger edge chamfer. |
When designing an engine, consider the entire combination as a whole. With the bottom end set, the camshaft profile was selected based on what is appropriate for the rest of the package. Going too far in duration will make low-rpm operation ragged, while not enough cam might clip the peak power unnecessarily. Also, the original 302 engines were equipped with hydraulic flat-tappet cams. Later 302 engines were revised to accept hydraulic roller cams. A hydraulic roller can provide more longevity, particularly if high-rate valve springs are employed for better high-rpm control. Durability is good; but better still, a hydraulic roller typically provides greater lift at a faster rate than a flat-tappet of similar overall duration. The result is more area under the lift curve, for more torque and power with a given level of cam.
Though late-model factory hydraulic roller equipment will not readily interchange in an early block, the aftermarket has hydraulic roller-cam retrofit kits made to do just that. We went with a Competition Cams Xtreme Energy XR276RF-HR, delivering 224/230-degrees duration @ 0.050-inch and 0.513/0.513-inch valve lift, on the intake and exhaust lobes respectively. This was about the limit of how radical we would go in an application like this, and in the end it seemed to strike just the balance we were looking for. Along with the camshaft, the valvetrain was upgraded, with new Competition Cams Pro-Magnum roller rockers, in the stock 1.6:1 ratio, and a set of Comp hardened pushrods. Once set up, this is a combination that will give years of rugged service.
 In order to allow the stroker...  In order to allow the stroker crank to work in the original block deck height, special pistons are required with a shorter 1.09-inch compression height, measured from the centerline of the piston pin up. These KB Silvolite No. 730 forged stroker pistons are dished 16.5cc for a moderate 9:1 compression ratio, just what we were after to allow our 347 to ingest whatever low-octane fuel we might encounter in the wild. |  To link the forged crank and...  To link the forged crank and pistons in a bulletproof assembly, the stock 5.090-inch-long rods were upgraded with a set of 5.40-inch Scat forged 4340 H-beams. Besides the obvious strength benefit, the longer rods' better rod/stroke ratio decreases cylinder wall side loading. |  Stroker 347 combinations are...  Stroker 347 combinations are typically externally balanced, which requires a counterweighted crank damper. An economical Professional Products damper was used for this application, providing the necessary balance factor via a bolt-on eccentric weight. |
 The rods are bushed for floating...  The rods are bushed for floating pin installation of the pistons, retained with Spirolox. The piston rings are SpeedPro's file-fit plasma moly, while the bearings are from Federal Mogul. |  File-fitting rings is a science...  File-fitting rings is a science unto itself. The rings were clearanced to specs at Speed-O-Motive on a power ring-filer, though low-cost manual ring filers are available from mail order suppliers for the do-it-yourselfer. Ring gaps were set to 0.018-inch, top, and 0.022-inch, second. | |